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Archibald Menzies ( , see Yogh; 15 March 1754 – 15 February 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist. == Life and career == Menzies was born at Easter Stix (or Styx) in the parish of Weem, in Perthshire.〔Birth (or Baptism) Record held in the General Registers of Scotland, 1754 Births in the Parish of Weem in the County of Perth, Reference 398/0010 0104〕 While working with his elder brother William at the Royal Botanic Gardens, he drew the attention of Dr John Hope, professor of botany at Edinburgh University, who encouraged him to study medicine there. Having qualified as a surgeon, Menzies served as assistant to a doctor in Caernarvon, then joined the Royal Navy as assistant surgeon on . Present at Battle of the Saintes (12 April 1782), in peacetime Menzies served on Halifax Station in Nova Scotia. In 1786 Menzies was appointed surgeon on board the ''Prince of Wales'' (Captain James Colnett), on a fur-trading voyage round Cape Horn to the northern Pacific. This ship, in company of ''Princess Royal'' (Captain Duncan), visited North America, China and Hawaii (the Sandwich Isles) several times; Menzies collected a number of new plants on this voyage, and also ensured that none of the crew died of illness. Menzies returned to Great Britain in 1789. He was elected a fellow of the Linnean Society in 1790. In 1790, Menzies was appointed as naturalist to accompany Captain George Vancouver on his voyage around the world on HMS ''Discovery''. ''(see Vancouver Expedition)'' When the surgeon fell ill, Menzies took over his duties. In 1794, while ''Discovery'' spent one of three winters in Hawaii, Menzies, with Lieutenant Joseph Baker and two other men, made the first recorded ascent to Mokuaweoweo, the summit of Mauna Loa. Menzies used a portable barometer to measure the height of the mountain as 13564 feet (4134m) compared to its currently known height of 13679 feet (4169m). It would be forty years before another European, fellow Scotsman David Douglas, would reach the summit on 29 January 1834.〔 He dropped off citrus fruit seeds that had been picked up in South Africa, so that future ships might be able to replenish their stocks at the Hawaiian islands.〔Kenneth M. Nagata (1985) ("Early Plant Introductions in Hawaii" ) in, ''Hawaiian Journal of History''〕 In 1795, Menzies was served the seeds of the Chile Pine, ''Araucaria araucana'', as a dessert while dining with the Viceroy of Chile. He was able to pop some seeds into his pocket and grow them on board ship on the way back to Europe, and returned to England with five healthy plants, the first seen in Britain. Known as the Monkey Puzzle tree, the Chile Pine became a favourite in most formal gardens of the nineteenth century. After the voyage, Menzies served with the Navy in the West Indies. He received the degree of M.D. at the University of Aberdeen in 1799. After retiring from the Navy he became a doctor and surgeon at Notting Hill, London. He became the leader of the Linnean Society upon the death of A.B. Lambert. Menzies's wife died in 1837. They had no children. Menzies himself died in London on 15 February 1842 and is buried in Kensal Green cemetery. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Archibald Menzies」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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